Transport Technology Consultants - Technology strategies for telematics and road user charging

1.ITS Organisations

National bodies to promote the awareness and benefits of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) exist worldwide, as shown in the examples listed below. The organisations may provide opportunities to interface with developers, operators and regulators of charging schemes so please contact your local body for further information.

• ITS America

• ITS Australia

• ERTICO

• Association of ITS Organisations

• ITS Chile

• ITS Canada

• ITS Czech Republic

• ITS Denmark

• ITS France

• ITS Hong Kong

• Association for Intelligent Transport Systems India

• ITS Italy

• ITS Japan

• ITS Korea

• ITS Netherlands

• ITS Norway

• ITS Singapore

• ITS South Africa

• ITS Sweden

• ITS Taiwan

• ITS (UK)

Additional ITS organisations to be added.

2.Standards Organisations

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The organisations responsible for standardisation of equipment, interfaces and test methods that enable roadside-to-vehicle communications for charging applications include:

• Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN)

• International Standards Organization (ISO)

• Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique (CENELEC)

• IEEE (otherwise known as the Institution of Electrical & Electronics Engineers, Inc.)

• The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET)

• European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)

Additional standards organisations to be added shortly. Note that intentional radiators within the vehicle or at the roadside will need to operate within the spectrum allocations provided locally. Local regulators should be contacted to confirm permissions. In many cases blanket acceptance is already provided, particularly if the interface uses 2G or 3G cellular radio bands.

3.Regulations

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Regulations that enable charging are required for every charging scheme, regardless of the policy objectives. In most cases there are a hierarchy from legislation through to regulations and orders or ordinances at the most local level. The most prominent are listed below:

• Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems in the Community

• Consolidated version of The Greater London (Central Zone) Congestion Charging Order 2004 incorporating amendments  to 10 December 2007

Additional regulations to be added.

4.Electronic Toll Collection

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Organisations that have implemented ETC and the brand name (if any) of the charging services are provided below. There are many 100’s of individual schemes worldwide so this list provides an example only.

• Australia:

  • Melbourne: City Link

  • Sydney

  • Brisbane

• Belgium: Liefkenshoek Tunnel: Teletol

• Croatia: HUKA and AZM

• Denmark:

  • Øresund Bridge

  • Storabælt Bridge: Brobizz

• France: National ETC scheme: Liber-t (Sanef)

• Greece: TEO

• Hungary: AKA

• Hong Kong: Bridges and tunnels: Autotoll

• Iceland: E-tag

• Ireland:

  • National Roads Authority: eToll

  • National Toll Roads: EazyPass (eToll)

• Italy:

  • Telepass

• Norway: National ETC scheme: Autopass

• Portugal: National ETC scheme: Via Verde

• Slovenia: ABC

• South Africa: Bakwena / e-Tag

• Sweden:

  • Storabælt Bridge: Brobizz

• Turkey: OGC

• UK:

  • Dartford River Crossing: Dart-Tag

  • Mersey Tunnels

  • Tamar Crossings: TamarTag

  • Severn Bridge and Second Severn Crossing: SevernTAG

• US:

  • Tri-state area ETC scheme: E-Zpass

  • FDOT: Sunpass

5.Urban Charging

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Cities that have implemented or are planning schemes to manage demand either through access restrictions or pricing include:

• Italy:

  • Milan Eco-Pass

  • Bologna

  • Genoa

• Norway:

  • Oslo / autoPASS

  • Bergen

• Singapore:

  • Land Transport Authority (LTA) Electronic Road Pricing

• Sweden:

  • Stockholm: Stockholmsstads and Vägverket

• UK:

  • London Congestion Charging Scheme

  • London Low Emission Zone (LEZ)

  • Durham Congestion Charging Scheme

• US:

  • New York: PLANYC 2030

  • San Francisco

  • Los Angeles

Additional schemes will be added as they come on line.

6.Heavy Goods Vehicle Charging

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Heavy Goods Vehicle Charging, otherwise known as ‘truck tolling’ or ‘Lorry Road User Charging’ (LRUC) have been implemented in several countries worldwide, as shown in the list below. Pre-clearance and electronic permitting schemes have been included although paper-based vignette schemes have been omitted.

• France:

  • National

  • Alsace region

• Austria: ASFINAG

• Canada (pre-clearance): Partners in Compliance

• Czech Republic: MYTO-CZ

• Germany: TOLL COLLECT

• Hungary

• New Zealand: Road User Charges

• Netherlands

• Sweden: ARENA

• Switzerland:

  • Heavy Vehicle Fee

  • Alpine Crossing Exchange (study)

• US (pre-clearance):

  • Norpass

  • Help, Inc

Additional schemes will be added as they come on line.

7.Enforcement

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Evidential enforcement makes charging feasible on the open road. The requirements on the capture management and use of evidence has not (currently) been extensive although the examples below show progress within Europe:

• Home Office and ACPO Traffic Outline Requirements and Specification for Automatic Traffic Enforcement Systems, Police Scientific Development Branch, Home Office Policy Directorate, Publication 3/96

• Requirements for the Remote Recording from and Control of Unattended Home Office Type Approved Traffic Enforcement Devices, Dr S R Lewis, PSDB 25th July 2002

• Digital Imaging procedure, PSDB, V1.0 March 2002HOSDB

• SPARKS

• VERA

Additional initiatives will be added on request.

8.Research Institutes

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National transport research bodies provide a focus for standardisation and equipment proving. Some examples of bodies that have been pro-active in the field of charging for road use are listed below:

• Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) (The Netherlands)

• Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) (UK)

• Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) (South Africa)

• Transportation Research Board (TRB) (US)

• ARRB (Australia)